yeast artificial chromosomes การใช้

• Cloning vectors in yeast include yeast artificial chromosomes ( YACs ).
• The whole assembled genome was transplanted in yeast cells and grown as yeast artificial chromosome.
• Alternative methods of creating transgenes, such as utilizing yeast artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes, lead to unpredictable problems.
• To clone longer lengths of DNA, lambda phage with lysogeny genes deleted, cosmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, or yeast artificial chromosomes are used.
• Eukaryotic genomes are sequenced by several methods including Shotgun sequencing of short DNA fragments and sequencing of larger DNA clones from DNA libraries such as bacterial artificial chromosomes ( BACs ) and yeast artificial chromosomes ( YACs ).
• Yeast artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes were created before human artificial chromosomes, which first appeared in vectors, as a tool for elucidating human chromosome function, and as a method for actively annotating the human genome.
• This method can be applied to other organisms where homologous recombination is efficient, such as the moss " Physcomitrella patens ", DT40 chicken cells, or genetically manipulated in yeast by using yeast artificial chromosomes ( YACs ).
• Also, lest we have any confusion, these are closed circular constructs which often undergo homologous recombination after injection to a mammalian host to form linear transgene arrays-they are " not " eukaryotic chromosomes with telomeres and such like yeast artificial chromosomes.